The effects of a hangover could last for up to two to three days after consumption of alcohol. The underlying causes of hangover symptoms are hypoglycemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, dehydration and acetaldehyde intoxication.

The headache, dehydration and lethargy associated with a hangover is caused due to the ethanol which increases the production of urine. Dehydration decreases the fluid content in the brain which could be replenished by drinking water immediately after alcohol. Other factors adding to a hangover are the by-products after the liver enzymes have broken down the ethanol.

To overcome the effects of a hangover, the following tips could be useful:

• Drink copious quantities of water.
• If one can manage it, eat something bland with proteins and carbohydrates, like a poached egg and toast.
• Try and drink some fruit juice.
• Take a painkiller like aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, or another NSAID.

Abstention of course, is the best cure, but if this is unavoidable then here are some suggestions to avoid a hangover:

• Eat a greasy meal with carbohydrates before drinking. The grease forms a barrier lining the stomach which slows the absorption of alcohol.  The carbohydrates provide sugars which the alcohol tends to deplete.
• Opt for clearer beverages. The darker the beverage, the more painful the headache.
• Sip slowly to give the body time to process the alcohol.
• Drink a glass of water or juice between drinks.
• Avoid tobacco.

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