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It is impossible for researchers to design studies that would accurately test the effects of large doses of steroids on athletes, because giving test participants such high doses would be unethical. |
This means that the effects of taking anabolic-androgenic steroids at very high doses have not been well studied. Neither have the long-term effects of these supplements been rigorously studied. However, short-term benefits are tempered by many risks.
Frequently, the studies cited by bodybuilding supplement manufacturers have very little to do with their own specific products. The problem is the studies they use for these products are usually very weak and often not done on humans. They may be generalized studies that the marketers use to provide “credibility” to their own products in advertising. Or, they hire some research firm or doctor to conduct their own studies, which are rarely made available for peer-review and may be statistically or methodologically flawed.
Depending on the legitimate studies done on body building supplement, the FDA moved to halt sales of androstenedione, a dietary supplement marketed as a muscle enhancer. The studies showed that it could stunt growth in children's penises and cause problematic sexual changes in adults.
In the past 20 years, more effective law enforcement in the United States has pushed much of the illegal steroid industry into the black market. This poses additional health risks because the drugs either are made in other countries or smuggled in or are made in clandestine labs in the United States. Either way, they are not subject to government safety standards and could be impure or mislabeled.
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