Color blindness may either be caused due to genetic reasons or may be acquired during the later stages of life due to diseases effecting the optic nerve or retina. Inherited color vision problem is usually linked to the X-chromosome and is passed from a mother to her son. While inherited color blindness is usually present at birth and affects both the eyes equally, acquired color blindness may affect a single eye (the eye with the disease) or may affect both eyes with varying degree of severity. Acquired color vision may even intensify with age or change with the condition of the disease or injury that triggered the color vision problem.

Color blindness affects more males (8 percent) than females (0.4 percent). Depending on whether the problem of color blindness is congenital or acquired, partial or complete, the severity of the symptoms can vary.

The most common symptoms include a persistent difficulty in identifying and differentiating between reds and greens or even blues and greens. Other less common symptoms include blurred vision and nystagmus. In the case of complete color blindness, the person will find all objects around him to be either black, white or shades of gray. Quick, side-to-side eye movements may also occur persistently in severe cases of color blindness (dyschromatopsia). People, who are completely color blind, are also afflicted with other serious eye related problems.

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