Different people have different ways of explaining this medical condition. While some people experience a gray-black curtain that appears suddenly in front of their eyes and descends gradually, other experience this condition as a blurring or fogging vision for some duration of time that can range from few seconds to few hours. Even the frequency varies from individual to individual. While some people experience this for a single time, others tend to suffer with recurring episodes that can happen many times during the day.

There are several reasons that can result in sudden blindness. Most common among these is ischemia. Apart from these, any internal damage to the optic nerves due to intracranial hypertension, injury to the brain, ophthalmic diseases such as retinal arteriolar emboli, optic neuritis, angle-closure glaucoma and ocular ischemic syndromes, eye blood vessel thrombosis, retinal artery/vein obstruction, hysteria, migraine or scintillating scotoma, methyl alcohol poisoning and usage of drugs like quinidine, sildenafil and tadalafil.

In case of patients with sudden vision loss, it is always important to consult an ophthalmologist immediately. The most common treatment is administration of aspirin. Apart from modifying several risk factors such as decreasing serum cholesterol and managing systemic hypertension; it also reduces the likelihood of myocardial infarction and stroke. Other emergency treatments are listed below:

1. Lowering the intraocular pressure in the eye to less than 15mm of Hg by applying direct pressure on the eye for 5-15 seconds can release the emboli inside the eye. This must be repeated several times.
2. In case of fluid deposition, needles are used to remove the fluids.
3. One can even use hyperbaric oxygen in situations where oxygen does not reach the tissue.
4. Hyperbaric carbon dioxide gas is also used to dilate the blood vessels and remove any obstructions.

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